THE SCIENCE BEHIND LEAP AND MRT

Disturbed in vitro adrenergic modulation of cytokine production in inflammatory bowel diseases in remission.

J Neuroimmunol. 2007 Jan;182(1-2):195-203. Epub 2006 Nov 15

Lucas A, Cobelens PM, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Holtmann G, Haag S, Gerken G, Langhorst J, Dobos GJ, Schedlowski M, Elsenbruch S.

Department of Medical Psychology, University Hospital of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.

OBJECTIVE: Psychological stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. The goal of this study was to address neuroendocrine modulation of cytokine production by peripheral blood cells in GI diseases.

Role of food hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome.

irritable bowel syndrome

Minerva Med. 2002 Oct;93(5):403-12.

Zar S, Kumar D, Kumar D.

OGEM Department, St. Georges Hospital Medical School, London, UK.

A significant proportion of IBS patients attribute their symptoms to adverse food reactions. Dietary elimination and re-challenge studies support the role of diet in the pathogenesis of IBS. The aetiopathogenesis of IBS is thought to be multifactorial involving an interaction between diet, infection, antibiotics and psychosocial factors. Serum IgE and IgG4 antibodies are elevated in food hypersensitivity induced atopic conditions and a similar mechanism has been postulated in IBS. Increased number of mast cells is present in the ileocaecal region of IBS patients.

Alterations of food antigen-specific serum immunoglobulins G and E antibodies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.

Clin Exp Allergy. 2007 Jun;37(6):823-30.

Zuo XL, Li YQ, Li WJ, Guo YT, Lu XF, Li JM, Desmond PV.

Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

BACKGROUND: Post-prandial worsening of symptoms as well as adverse reactions to one or more foods are common in the patients with functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). However, the role played by true food allergy in the pathogenesis of these diseases is still controversial and there are no well-established tests to identify food allergy in this condition.

Immune activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Gastroenterology. 2007 Mar;132(3):913-20. Epub 2007 Jan 26

Liebregts T, Adam B, Bredack C, Roth A, Heinzel S, Lester S, Downie-Doyle S, Smith E, Drew P, Talley NJ, Holtmann G.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia; Nerve-Gut Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Background & Aims: We set out to test the hypothesis that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by an augmented cellular immune response with enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines. We further aimed to explore whether symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity in IBS are linked to the release of proinflammatory cytokines.

The pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome: inflammation and motor disorder

Korean J Gastroenterol. 2006 Feb;47(2):101-10.

Park H.

Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea. hjpark21@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common disorders and a heterogeneous condition in view of symptoms and underlying mechanisms. Though underlying causes of pathophysiologic changes remain unclear, low grade mucosal inflammation and abnormal intestinal motility are accepted mechanisms which alter gut function and generate symptoms of IBS. First, before 1980s, abnormal colonic and rectal motor functions were regarded as the main pathophysiology of IBS, but only 25-75% of IBS patients have apparent motor abnormalities which differ from the motor functions in normal controls. So, various gastrointestinal motility tests were not indicated for the diagnosis of IBS.

Diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients show mast cell activation and hyperplasia in the jejunum.

Gut. 2007 Feb;56(2):203-9. Epub 2006 Sep 27

Guilarte M, Santos J, de Torres I, Alonso C, Vicario M, Ramos L, Martínez C, Casellas F, Saperas E, Malagelada JR.

Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitari General Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.

BACKGROUND: Increased numbers of mast cells and mast cell activation in distal gut segments are associated with symptom onset and severity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although upper gut symptoms are common, mast cells have not been thoroughly evaluated in proximal gut in IBS patients.

Impaired intestinal barrier integrity in the colon of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: involvement of soluble mediators.

Gut. 2009 Feb;58(2):196-201. Epub 2008 Sep 29

Piche T, Barbara G, Aubert P, Bruley des Varannes S, Dainese R, Nano JL, Cremon C, Stanghellini V, De Giorgio R, Galmiche JP, Neunlist M.

INSERM U913, Nantes, France.

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have increased intestinal permeability. In addition, mucosal soluble mediators are involved in the pathophysiology of pain in IBS. We aimed to investigate (1) paracellular permeability in colonic biopsies of patients with IBS; and (2) the ability of soluble factors from colonic biopsies to reproduce these alterations in vitro.

Is irritable bowel syndrome an inflammatory disorder?

Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2008 Aug;10(4):385-90.

De Giorgio R, Barbara G.

Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Building #5 (Nuove Patologie), St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy. deg@aosp.bo.it

Histopathologic data demonstrate low-grade mucosal inflammation in a subset of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This inflammatory infiltrate is mainly represented by increased numbers of T lymphocytes and mast cells lying in the lamina propria.

Systematic evaluation of the causes of chronic watery diarrhea with functional characteristics.

diarrhea

Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Nov;102(11):2520-8. Epub 2006 Aug 4.

Fernández-Bañares F, Esteve M, Salas A, Alsina M, Farré C, González C, Buxeda M, Forné M, Rosinach M, Espinós JC, Maria Viver J.

Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Causes of chronic watery diarrhea are multiple. There is not definite scientific evidence about which are the recommended explorations to be performed in the diagnostic workup of patients with functional diarrhea. The aim was to assess prospectively the presence of gluten-sensitive enteropathy, bile acid malabsorption, and sugar malabsorption in consecutive patients with chronic watery diarrhea of obscure origin fulfilling Rome II criteria of functional disease.

Is traveler's diarrhea a significant risk factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome? A prospective study.

Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Oct 1;43(7):898-901. Epub 2006 Aug 25.

Stermer E, Lubezky A, Potasman I, Paster E, Lavy A.

Gastroenterology Service, Bnai Zion Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel. edystermer@yahoo.com

A total of 564 travelers were enrolled in a study aimed at investigating the influence of traveler's diarrhea in the development of irritable bowel syndrome.